After Zhara et al., (1999) several scientists from different expressions to describe the business (such as entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, entrepreneurship attitude, entrepreneurial orientation), but in contrast to the variety of terms used to describe entrepreneurship for consistency in Regarding entrepreneurship for the definition and measurement.
Generally speaking, entrepreneurship based on the investigation focused on two main characteristics or behavior. Since the nineties, the behavior based on the vast majority of entrepreneurship for research, the main reason for this is a society with limited success of scientists to strengthen the existence of common features that characterize entrepreneurs (Smart and Conant, 1994). Gartner (1988) argues that the focus should be on “, meaning that the employer” and not “, is the businessman.” Behavior at the base of research focuses on entrepreneurship of businessmen, rather than the personal characteristics (Smart and Conant, 1994). Behavior of entrepreneurship on the basis of research is usually at the enterprise level, however, scientists say that business is being carried out at the enterprise level (Carland et al .., 1984; Naman and Slevin , 1993; Lumpkin and Dess, 1996; Wiklund, 1999).
This article tries to establish a common basis for defining entrepreneurship business. Naman and Slevin (1993) said that the organization can be characterized and measured the level of entrepreneurial management of the company. After Covina and Slevin (1986), senior managers in the business entrepreneurship have an entrepreneurial management style, the impact on strategic business decisions and management philosophy.
Regarding the definition of enterprise-level entrepreneurship, it is necessary, the characteristics of management behavior, by scientists to this matter. Schumpeter (1934) argues that the capacity for innovation is the only issue that separates entrepreneurship among entrepreneurship in non-business activities. The innovation relates to the quest for creative solutions through the development and improvement of services and products, as well as administrative and technological techniques (Davis et al., 1991). The innovation, the company reflects the tendency to support new ideas and processes at the end as new products or services Lumpkin and Dess (1996).
In his book “Essai sur la nature-General of Trade,” Richard Cantillon (1755) argues that the essence of entrepreneurship is a risky behaviour. After Lumpkin and Dess (1996), risk-taking can range from relatively “safe” risk that money in the bank and non-risk activities such as investments in technologies or untested launches a new product on the market. In his research, Miller and Friesen (1982) to establish a business model innovation capacity, this model, for those companies that innovate and boldness regularly, taking significant risks in its strategy.
Third dimension, which can be added to innovation and risk taking, is proactive. After Davis et al., (1991) for active employees with an aggressive attitude on the competition, while trying to reach the objectives of undertaking all rational means necessary. Lumpkin and Dess (2001) mentioned that proactive refer to the form of associated companies to business opportunities through the acquisition of the initiatives on the market that operates in.
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